Fats or lipids – WIKIBOLICS

<body><h1>Fatsor lipids:</h1>It includes dietary fats, oils or butter, and these materials contribute to composition of meat, milk, eggs, nuts and some plant-based food. Fats are a concentrated and reserve source of energy, and they are one of the basic components of cell membranes, and are necessary for the absorption and use of some vitamins in addition to giving the distinctive taste of food.Fats give more than twice the amount of energy sugars and proteins give. Children in the first years of their life should get 30-40% of energy through fat, while adults only get 15-35% of it, according to their activities and dietary habits . And it’s not recommended to eat excessive amounts of saturated fat, sot that you don’t get heart diseases.The average person needs between 65 -85 g (males) and 50 -55 g (females) of fatty substances per day. In the case of a diet, the minimum amount is sufficient, preferably half of it from an animal source and the other half from a vegetable source.Individual amountof fat according to (OMS / FAO)Infants: 50 -60%During the weaning period 30-40%Adults with simple activities: 30%Active adults: up to 35%Woman during the childbearing period is not less than 20%There is a common mistake that olive oil does not contain fat, and the truth is that it is the best fat for the body, and if taken in excessive amounts,it is no less dangerous than any other type of fatty substance.People should also know that there is a biological link between sugars and fats, as the body can synthesize fats from sugars and starches, so cholesterol increases in patients with diabetes.A heavy overeat meal can quickly lead to blood clots, due to the high level of cholesterol in the blood. (Cholesterol contributestoaggregation of blood platelets and form a clot).As for reducing the intake of fats to the point of need, it has several drawbacks, including that it leads to some skin diseases (such as eczema, skin roughness and keratosis).High-fat foods include oils, some meats, butter and other dairy products, margarine, fish and nuts.The term fatty substances or dietary oils is generally due to the presence of triglycerides that make up the greatest bulk(95%) of them, and they can be solid, semi-solid, or liquid at roomtemperature.Although, triglycerides contain saturated fatty acids, they are solid at normal temperature.Cow fat is one of the fatty substances that contain mainly saturated fatty acids, as well as chicken fat, which is less saturated, while most vegetable oils contain unsaturated fatty acids, including linoleic acid (or flax acid). This fatty acid can be made by bacteria in cow’s stomach and is originally in cow’s milk fat.The importance of linoleic acid (or what is known as vitamin F):A research paper on linoleic acid was recently published in the Journal of American Nutrition, showing that it has a role in preventing leukemia, breast, colon and ovarian cancers.The mechanism of action of this fatty acid depends, according to the researchers’ belief, on getting rid of the oxidizing chemical compounds responsible for losing the identity of cells, deforming them, andfinally turning them into cancer cells.It has been found that the milk obtained from cows fed on grass with corn oil (which contains a high percentage of linoleic acid) is more beneficial in protecting against cancer, because it contains a higher percentage of this fatty acid (as its percentage increases from 1 mg to 4.5 mg / liter milk).Initial studies in animal biochemistry research indicated that an adult human weighing 70 kg needsat least3.5 mg of linoleic acid per day in order to obtain the required benefit ofpreventing cancer, but the normal daily food intake for a person does not secure more than one milligram of thisblood acid, although it is found in a wide variety of food products such as yogurt, milk, cheese and some meats.Therefore, some researchers believe that the only way to eat enough of it is to add it to the foods consumed daily.For example, those who consume partially skimmed milk benefit by 60% of linoleic acid only, while those who consume totallyskimmed milk do not benefit fromit at all.On the other hand, it has also been shown that the omega-3 linoleic acid is very important for premature babies to develop their sense of vision, as it is essential in the structure of the membranes surrounding the nerve cells in the retina andbrain. These children get it from breastfeeding, or form milk intended for children that is fortified with these fatty acids.<h2>Cholesterol in our life:</h2><h3>Cholesterol in our life are two sources:</h3>An internal source which is the liver, and an external source which is food.Cholesterol has important benefits and functions-It is part of the body’s cell walls and serves as its mainstay.-It forms the first nucleus from which the biosynthesis of steroid hormones such as cortisone and the male and female hormones (testosterone and progesterone) starts.-It is involved in the synthesis of bile, which collects in the gallbladder to aid in the digestive process.-It is available in the skin layers in a large amount, which gives the body immunity against many natural hazards.-It is present in brain cells which make them a storehouse of memory and knowledge.-It is one of the most important substances included in the synthesis of the sheath surrounding the nerves that protectsthem and maintain the signals that travel throughthem<h2>Health problems caused by high cholesterol:</h2>The severe impact on the arteries leads to their sclerosis and cholesterol settles on the lining of the arteries, and works to narrow them, and may lead to a complete blockage, which threatens a person’s life with brains or cardiac strokes.The risk of high cholesterol increases if it is accompanied by other factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, weight gain, smoking, impaired sexual activity, bad eating habits and a family history of heart diseases.Cholesterol amounts in their preferred and abnormal and dangerous states:imageCholesterol is considered an essential factor in all cells of the body, and it has multiple important functions. The adult individual need for itis 1000 milligrams per day, the liver makes 200 milligrams per day, which requires the provision of 300 milligrams through animal food exclusively, and an increase in it increases the risk of high blood pressure as a resultof LDL cholesterol deposition on the lining of arteries after it is oxidized.(The normal level of cholesterol in the blood is 200 mg orless).It takes more than twice the time to digest and absorb fatty substances than proteins or sugars.Unsaturated fats are also easier to digest than saturated fats.It is advised that the amount of saturated fat should not exceed 10% of the total daily amount of energy, and that the total amount of fatty materials should not be less than 20% for an adult of his dietary intake, because they are consideredwith sugars as preservatives for protein from breakdown to produce energy.<h2>Good cholesterol [HDL]and bad cholesterol[LDL]:</h2>There is a lot ofevidence regarding the involvement of blood cholesterol in atherosclerosis, including cerebral and cardiacarteries. The worst type of which is LDL (low-density lipoproteins).When oxidized (rancid by the effect of free radicals) it becomes able to penetrate into the walls of blood vessels to accelerate the formation of plaques, which in turn impede blood flow and help in the formation of blood clots.Studies have shown that the rates of strokes increase with an increase in total cholesterol levels and its harmful type (LDL in particular), as is the case when the levels of triglycerides increase. Conversely, theinvestigators determined that having high levels of the beneficial type HDL reduced the risk of strokes as well as heart attacks.On the other hand, it was found that bad LDL cholesterol increasesthe deposition of a protein called beta amyloid, which is the main component of the aging deposits characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease and in the presence of impaired blood vessels. LDL stands for low-density lipoproteins.It is the first form of cholesterol transfusion. It moves from the liver to cells where it undergoes lysosomal digestion, producing fatty acids, amino acids and free cholesterol. Thus, the latter’s concentration increases in cells, and from it to the arteries. This is the first stage of arteriosclerosis, so it is called the harmful carrier. The arteries must be soft and flexible, ensuring the flow of blood easily, carrying with them what the tissues need in terms of food, oxygen and water.The loss of elasticity in these arteries (i.e. their hardening) leads to dangerous repercussions such as heart disease, stroke and kidney disease.HDL: stands for high-density lipoproteins(harmless).It is essential in transporting fatty substances, and its function is to return cholesterol and triglycerides from the surrounding tissues to the liver, where they are converted into bile acids. It appears that there are active proteins in the blood plasma that help direct cholesterol out of cells into surrounding tissues. <h2>Cholesterol and new concepts in treating it:</h2>The rules regarding the amount of fats allowed have changed in the ordinary people today.Previously, the acceptable level for any person was lower than 250 milligrams, but now this level has been reduced to 150 milligrams or less, which means that anyone has a level of high-density lipoprotein(LHD) cholesterol which is the least harmful or benign starting from the level of 40 milligrams (not 35 milligrams as in the past) is supposed to be treated to lower the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.There are studies currently underway on four of the new drugs that will be put on the market in the year 2004, which are capable of raising the level of good cholesterol by approximately 20% because it has been shown that if the level of bad cholesterol is reduced, the prevention of heartattacks remains limited to 30% of cases only.Recent research also shows that coronary arteries in particular begin to clog and fat begins to accumulate inthem from the age of ten to twenty, and from the age of twenty, these lipids begin to transform into plaquesthat cause heart attacks in people exposed to such a disease, and they are generally men over the age of 45 and women over the age of 55, smokers, and people with have high blood pressure, diabetes, or have genetic factors.And the specialists warned that taking medication to treat bad cholesterol does not relieve the patient. Sport is the best substitute for treatment, as it makes the arteries more expandable in addition to increasing their flexibility and expansion. </body>