<body><h1>Proteins:</h1><p>The term Proteno comes from a Greek word meaning “I am in first place”Proteins are life. Every functionin the body can only be done with the availability of protein, its absence means the absence of life.Proteins are the building blocks of the human body, and they are necessary for the formation and maintenance of muscles, skin, bones, blood, body tissues and other organs, and they can also be a source of energy in special cases.When proteins are consumed and digested, they are broken down into their basic components, which are the amino acids that in turn are absorbed from the bloodand used to form a new tissue.The role of proteinsis more obvious in the growth of childrenbecause of their increasing building processes. Mother’s milk contains a complete composition in terms of the type of amino acids that help in growth, and after weaning the child needs foods rich in protein.Meats of all kinds, legumes of all kinds, milk of all derivatives, and eggs are all rich sources of protein.It’s not recommended to eat more than the necessary amount of protein, because its surplus turns into glucose, and if the latter is not used as a source of energy, it accumulates in the form of fat, and this isnot acceptable.There are 20 amino acids. The body synthesizes most of them starting with sugars and converts some other amino acids, but nine of them cannot be synthesized by the body and are called “Essential Amino Acids”, and they must be derived from consumed food exclusively. If this is not achieved, the bodyfails to synthesize the vital proteins which will lead to serious disturbances that may lead to the suspension of all body functions.Proteins of animal origin contain a fuller shareof the essential amino acids, but plant proteins are not quite adequate. Therefore, vegetarians should pay attention to this and work to fix it.But with the diversification of protein sources in our food, it is possible to supply the body with what it needs from these essential amino acidslike eating legumes (beans, peas, lentils) as well as grains (rice, corn, bulgur, bread).</p><h2>*Different classes of amino acids:</h2><p>Very recent research is reconsidering the classification of amino acids, in particularessential onesaccording to the following distribution:</p><p>image</p><p>Lysine and Threonine are the only two absolute essential amino acids, because the de-amination process is considered irreversible.The proportion of the amino acid Lysine is high in legumes versus the proportion of the amino acid Methionine, while the ratio of Lysine is lower in cereals and grains compared to the increase in Methionine. This results in a correction of the distribution of the essential amino acids and an increase in the protein value of what we eat.It is better for us to eat even a little more milk, yogurt and meat to cover our daily protein needs.The chemical index of the protein food is directly related to the balance of the essential amino acids present in it and it expresses the biological value, and thus determines the nutritional quality of the food. And example of that is eggs because they contain all the essential amino acids.Almost all of the other proteins are deficient in at least one of these essential amino acids.Accordingly, eggs are considered the only natural food with the highest index (100%), and the rest of the natural proteins are measured according to eggs.</p><p>image</p><p>The deficiency of amino acids, especially the essential amino acids (even one of them) leads to the possibility of hair loss, or broken nails, poor vision, immune deficiency, weak joint ligaments, osteonecrosis, and frequent inflammations.The man’s need of total protein is 1.5 g within 24 hours for every kilogram of his bodyweight, while for a woman, it automatically decreased to 1.2 g per kilogram of her bodyweight during the same period, and its insufficiency in men may lead to a lack of testosterone.A look at the results of the World Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) on the daily consumption of animal protein by individuals shows that only about 20% of the Earth’s population is considered food-sufficient.</p><h2>In the following table, we show the amount of animal protein per person everyday:</h2><p>imaged</p><h2>Globally recommended protein amounts by age:</h2><p>image</p><p>Pregnant woman + 10 grams / day.Breastfeeding women + 15 grams / day.That means, an adult man weighing 60 kilograms needs about 48 grams of animal protein per day.These recommended amounts of protein are for animal source due to the importance of the diversity of amino acids in them.”The world lacks a commitment to feed its people, and the fight against hunger is failing,” says the AOF.Malnutrition is only due to poverty, which makes people less productive, and is a violation of basic human rights.The individual’s need of total protein is about 90 g per day for a man weighing 60 kg,and 72g per day for a woman of the same weight, provided that half of this amountof protein is of animal source.With the above table, we can figure out people situation in the food world.The degradation of natural resources, the increase in population and the lack of adequate technology will make Africa, for example, the only regionin the world that will witness an increase in the percentage of children suffering from malnutrition.Note that there are 166 million children in the world suffering from malnutrition, as stated in the International Food Policy Research Institutestudy published in the summer of 2001.The United Nations organizations concerned with nutrition affairs, such as the FAO and WHO have carried out extensive studies over a decade ago, concluding with the following conclusions:</p><h2>Protein nitrogen is lost fromthe human body as follows:-</h2><h3>By urination: 36 mg/kg of bodyweight per day.-</h3><h3>By defecation: 12 mg/kg of bodyweight per day.-</h3><h3>Sweating, laceration of cells, nails, and hair: 5 mg/kg of bodyweight per day.</h3><p>Recommendations have been raised that determine the individual’s need for protein daily, which is 0.75 grams/kg of bodyweight for an adult person, and that’s the minimum, and sufficient for maintenance of the body only. While it’s 0.75-2grams of protein per kilogram per day for children due to their constant needs for growth</p><p><br></p><p><br></p></body>